English+grammar

tu= **you** egli (un uomo)= **he** ella(una donna)= **she** esso/essa (un singolo oggetto)= **it** noi= **we** voi= **you** essi/esse (due o più persone o due o più cose)= **they** || me, mi = **me** te,ti= **you** lo, gli,lui ( riferito ad un uomo)= **him** la, le, lei ( riferito ad una donna)= **her** esso, essa,lo, la,gli, ( rif. ad un oggetto sia maschile che femm.)= **it** ci,ce, noi= **us** vi,ve, voi= **you** li,le, loro, essi,esse= **them** ||
 * **PRONOMI PERSONALI SOGGETTO ** || **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">PRONOMI PERSONALI COMPLEMENTO ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">io= **I**

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">il tuo, la tua, i tuoi, le tue= **your** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">il suo, la sua, i suoi, le sue (**__DI UN UOMO?__**) = **his** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">il suo, la sua, i suoi, le sue (**__DI UNA DONNA?__**) = **her** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">il suo, la sua, i suoi, le sue (**__DI UN OGGETTO?__**) = **its** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">il nostro, la nostra, i nostri, le nostre= **our** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">il vostro, la vostra, i vostri, le vostre= **your** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">il loro, la loro, i loro, le loro= **their** || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> so- <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">+ stan- <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> ti- <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> vo || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">il mio, la mia, i miei, le mie= **mine** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">il tuo, la tua, i tuoi, le tue= **yours** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">il suo, la sua, i suoi, le sue (**__DI UN UOMO?__**) = **his** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">il suo, la sua, i suoi, le sue (**__DI UNA DONNA?__**) = **hers** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">il suo, la sua, i suoi, le sue (**__DI UN OGGETTO?__**) = xxx <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">il nostro, la nostra, i nostri, le nostre= **ours** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">il vostro, la vostra, i vostri, le vostre= **yours** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">il loro, la loro, i loro, le loro= **theirs** || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">senza <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">sostan- <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">tivo ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">AGGETTIVI POSSESSIVI **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> ( es: questa è la **mia** macchina) |||| **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">PRONOMI POSSESSIVI **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> ( esempio: questa macchina è **mia**) ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">il mio, la mia, i miei, le mie= **my**

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> possesso tra cose( esempio: le finestre della mia casa = the windows of my house) ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">GENITIVO SASSONE **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> : esempio: il cane di Tom = Tom’s dog Attenzione! non si usa il gen. sass. per una relazione di
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">regola: || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">nome del possessore (singolare) || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">+ ‘s || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">+ cosa posseduta senza articolo (the boy’s house) ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">nome dei possessori (plurale) || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">+ ‘ || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> + cosa posseduta senza articolo (the boys’ house) ||

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">quello/quella= **that** quelli/ quelle= **those** || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">un, uno, una= **a** (davanti a consonan. o suono consonantico) **an** (davanti a vocale <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">il, la, lo, i, gli, le= **the** o h muta) ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">DIMOSTRATIVI ** || **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">ARTICOLI ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">questo/questa= **this** questi/queste= **these**

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">plurali irregolari= man/men woman/women child/children person/people tooth/teeth foot/feet mouse/mice ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">IL PLURALE DEI SOSTANTIVI ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">regola generale= si aggiunge una -**s** ma i sostantivi che terminano in **–ch/-s/-ss/-sh/-x/-z/consonante+o** =aggiungono **–es**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> i nomi che terminano in –y preceduta da consonante cambiano la y in i e aggiungono - es( lady=ladies) **

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> un po’/una parte di..) || **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">INTERROGATIVI ** || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">mai la –s del plurale e vogliono sempre la forma <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">singolare e dei verbi e dei pronomi ad essi riferiti. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">( per farli diventare numerabili si possono usare le espressioni tipo //<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> a ////<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">piece of....) // //<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">- //<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> advice= consiglio/i <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> es: I tuoi consigli sono sempre utili = your advice is always <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> useful <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">- business= affari <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">- furniture= mobili - spaghetti=spaghetti <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">- hair= capelli - homework= compito/i <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">- housework= lavori di casa - information=informazioni <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">- luggage= bagagli - money= soldi/denaro <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">- news= notizie -shopping=spesa/compere || **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">SOME **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">si usa: <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">- in frasi affermative <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">- in frasi interrogative quando si <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> offre qualcosa <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">- in frasi interrogative quando <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> si richiede qualcosa || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">what =cosa/quale <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">where= dove <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">when= quando <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">who= chi <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">whose=di chi <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">why= perchè <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">how= come <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">how much= quanto/a <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">how many= quanti/e <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">how far= quanto lontano <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">how often= quanto spesso <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">how long= quanto tempo <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">which= quale || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">- in frasi negative <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">- in frasi interrogative <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">- in frasi dubitative <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> ( es: se hai dubbi, non farlo= <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> If you have any doubts, <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> don’t do it) ||^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">tu sei= **you are** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">egli è= **he is** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">ella è= **she is** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">esso/essa è = **it is** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">noi siamo= **we are** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">voi siete= **you are** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">essi/esse sono= **they are** || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">io ho= **I have got** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">tu hai= **you have got** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">egli ha= **he has got** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">ella ha = **she has got** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">esso/essa ha= **it has got** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">noi abbiamo= **we have got** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">voi avete= **you have got** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">essi/esse hanno= **they have got** || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">io posso= **I can** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">tu puoi= **you can** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">egli può= **he can** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">ella può= **she can** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">esso/essa può= **it can** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">noi possiamo= **we can** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">voi potete= **you can** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">essi/esse possono= **they can** || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">io devo= **I must** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">tu devi= **you must** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">egli deve= **he must** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">ella deve= **she must** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">esso/essa deve= **it must** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">noi dobbiamo= **we must** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">voi dovete=**you must** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">essi/esse devono= **they must** ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">SOSTANTITI INGLESI NON NUMERABILI ** || **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">INDEFINITI **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">(del,della,degli,delle,
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">I seguenti sostantivi inglesi non aggiungono
 * ^  || **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">ANY **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">si usa:
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">SIMPLE PRESENT (PRESENTE SEMPLICE) io sono, io ho, ioposso, io devo, io lavoro.... **
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">VERBI AUSIILIARI-MODALI **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> **FORMA INTERROGATIVA = VERBO + SOGGETTO**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> (1° gruppo) FORMA NEGATIVA= SOGGETTO+VERBO+NOT ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">verbo essere || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">verbo avere || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">verbo potere (+ saper fare, riuscire) || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">verbo dovere ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">io sono= **I am**

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">I,you, we,they + verbo <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">he, she, it + verbo **+ s (** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">verbi in sh/ch/ss/x/z/s/o + **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">es **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">) || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">forma interrogativa: ( lavori?= do you work?) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">I,you, we,they + **don’t** + verbo in forma base <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">he, she, it + **doesn’t** + verbo in forma base || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">forma internegativa: ( non lavori?= don’t you work?) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">don’t + I,you, we,they + verbo in forma base <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">doesn’t + he, she, it + verbo in forma base ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">VERBI ORDINARI **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">: (tutti i verbi che non **FORMA INTERROG.: DO/DOES+ SOGG+VERBO IN FORMA BASE**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">(2° gruppo **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">) sono ausiliari/modali) **FORMA NEGATIVA:** **SOGG+ DON’T/DOESN’T+ VERBO IN FORMA BASE** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">forma affermativa: (tu lavori= you work)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">do **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> + I,you, we,they + verbo in forma base ( <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">significa senza S o altro)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">does **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> + he, she, it + verbo in forma base ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">forma negativa: ( tu non lavori= you don’t work)

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Yes, + pronome peronale sogg + forma **__non contratta__ affermativa** del verbo che nella domanda precede il soggetto <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">No, + pronome personale sogg + forma **__contratta__ negativa** del verbo che nella domanda precede il soggetto ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">RISPOSTE BREVI **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">:(es: Are you English? Yes, I am/ No, I’m not; Has Tom got a car? Yes, he has/No, he hasn’t)
 * **PRESENT CONTINUOUS. io sto lavorando…** **= I am, he/she/it is, we/you/they are + work__ing__**

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> (io lavoro) || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> I you we they  |||||||||||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> work  || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;">never, seldom, rarely, sometimes, <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;">usually, often, always... || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> **do/does** <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> +sog+v.bo <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> base  || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> sog+ <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> **don’t/** <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> **doesn’t** <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> + <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> v.bo <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> base  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> (io sto lavorando) || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> I  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **am**  |||||||||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> work  <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **ing**  || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;">now, right now, <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;">at the moment... || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> v.bo essere+sogg+v.bo+ing || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> sog+ <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> v.bo essere+not+v.bo+ing || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;">( io ho lavorato) || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> I you we they || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **have**  |||||||||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> work  <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **ed**  <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> ( o 3° colonna  <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> dei verbi irregolari)  || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;">yet, already, up to now, recently, <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;">just, this morning/week/year.. || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> v.bo avere+ <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> sog+partpass <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;">. || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> sog+ <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> v.bo avere+ <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> not+part. <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> pass || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> it we they |||||||||||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> work  <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **ed**  <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> (o 2° colonna  <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> dei v.bi irr)  || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;">yesterday, .....ago, <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;">last week/month/year...., <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;">when I was young, in 1992,...... || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> **d** <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> **id**  <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> +sog+v.bo  <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> base  || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> sog+ <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> **didn’t** <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> + <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> v.bo <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> base  || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> (stavo lavorando) || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> I  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **was**  |||||||||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> work  <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **ing**  || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;">when Tom arrived.. || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> was/ <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> were+ <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> sog+v.bo+ing || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> sog+ <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> wasn’t/ <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> weren’t <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> +v.bo+ing || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;">next week/month/year, <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;">in two hours,..... || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> v.bo essere+sogg+v.bo+ing || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> sog+ <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> v.bo essere+not+v.bo+ing || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> conseguenza <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> inevitabile || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> I  |||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **am**  |||||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **going to**  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> work  ||^   ||^   ||^   || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> v.bo essere+not+going to+ <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> v.bo ||^   || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> we they |||||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **will**  |||||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> work  ||^   ||^   ||^   || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> not+v.bo ||^   || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> (io lavorerei) || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> I, you, he, she, it, we,they  |||||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **would**  |||||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> work  ||   || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> would+ sog+v.bo  || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> sog+ <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> would+not+v.bo ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **TEMPI VERBALI ED ESPRESSIONI DI TEMPO** || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **interrogat.**  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **negativa**  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;">presente <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> sempl.
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> he she it  |||||||||||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> work  <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **s**  ||^   ||^   ||^   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;">presente progr.
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> he she it  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **is**  ||||||||||^   ||^   ||^   ||^   ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> we you they  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **are**  ||||||||||^   ||^   ||^   ||^   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;">passato pross.
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> he she it  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **has**  ||||||||||^   ||^   ||^   ||^   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;">passato semplic (lavorai,ho lavo-rato, lavorai) || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> I you he she
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> passato progr.
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> he she it  ||^   ||||||||||^   ||^   ||^   ||^   ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> we you they  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **were**  ||||||||||^   ||^   ||^   ||^   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;">futuro (io lavorerò) 1)programmato || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> I |||||||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **am**  |||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> work  <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **ing**  || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;">tomorrow, in two days/months, as soon as possible,
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> he she it  |||||||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **is**  ||||^   ||^   ||^   ||^   ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> we you they  |||||||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **are**  ||||^   ||^   ||^   ||^   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> 2)intenzioni /
 * ^  ||^   ||||^   ||||||^   ||^   || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> v.bo essere +sogg+going to+ v.bo  || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> sog+
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> he she it  |||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **is**  ||||||^   ||^   ||^   ||^   ||^   ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> we you they  |||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **are**  ||||||^   ||^   ||^   ||^   ||^   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> 3)previsioni/ <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> decisioni improvvise.  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> I you he she it
 * ^  ||^   ||||||^   ||||||^   || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> will+ sog+v.bo  || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> sog+will+
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> condizionale

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> Tom has invited Angela (Tom ha invitato Angela) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> Tom invited Angela (Tom invitò/ha invitato Angela) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> Tom will invite Angela (Tom inviterà Angela) || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> Angela is invited by Tom  <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> (Angela è invitata da Tom) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> Angela has been invited by Tom <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> (è stata invitata) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> Angela was invited by Tom <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> (fu invitata) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> Angela will be invited by Tom ( sarà invitata) ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **FORMA ATTIVA** || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **FORMA PASSIVA**  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> Tom <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> invites Angela (Tom invita Angela)

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> dei delle degli || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> frasi affermative  |||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> interrogative  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> negative  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> I can’t make the cake” ho poco burro non posso fare la torta) |||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> little  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> little butter, I can make a cake” Ho un po’ di burro, posso fare una torta)  |||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> a little  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **QUANTITA’** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **( davanti ai sostantivi**  <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> )  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> del dello della
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> some  |||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> any  <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> (  <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> **some**  <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> se ci si aspetta una risposta affermativa)  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> any  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> molto/a, tanto/a || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> a lot of/lots of  |||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> much  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> much  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> molti/molte, tanti/e || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> a lot of/lots of  |||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> many  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> many  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> poco/a (poco in senso negativo, cioè non abbastanza: “I have little butter,
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> poco/a (poco, ma in senso positivo, cioè poco, ma abbastanza: :”I have a
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> pochi/e (in senso neg. “I have few friends here” ho pochi amici qui) |||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> few  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> pochi/e ( in senso pos. “I have a few friends here” Ho un po’ di amici qui) |||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> a few  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **MOLTO DAVANTI AD UN AGGETTIVO E’** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> __**VERY**__  ||

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **minoranza (** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> meno di)  |||||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> 1° termine di paragone + LESS+aggettivo + THAN +2° termine di paragone  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **uguaglianza** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> (tanto..quanto)  |||||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> 1° termine di paragone + AS +aggettivo + AS +2° termine di paragone  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **maggioranza** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> (più di…)  |||||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> 1° termine di paragone + AGGET (monosill) + ER +THAN +2° t. di parag. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> 1° termine di paragone + MORE+ AGGET. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> (plurisill.)+ THAN+ 2° t.di par. || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> THE + MOST+ (plurisill)+AGGETTIVO+ of <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> (numero= ..of the students)/in(spazio=..of Italy)  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> (altissimo, bellissimo…) |||||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> VERY+ AGGETTIVO  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> WELL (bene) || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> BETTER (migliore) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> (meglio) || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> THE BEST (il migliore)  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> FURTHER (ulteriore) || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> THE FARTHEST(il più lontano) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> THE FURTHEST (l’ulteriore) || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> Per dire MOLTO PIU’+ aggettivo si ricorre a FAR/MUCH + AGGETTIVO= Helen is much/far richer than her friend. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> Determiners and quantifiers
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **comparativo**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **comparativo**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **comparativo**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **superlativo relativo** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> (il più...di..)  |||||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> THE + AGGET (monosill)+ EST+ of/in....
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **superlativo assoluto**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> **COMPARATIVI E SUPERLATIVI IRREGOLARI:** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> GOOD(buono)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> BAD (cattivo, male) || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> WORSE (peggiore)  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> THE WORST (il peggiore)  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> FAR (lontano) || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> FARTHER(più lontano)


 * || **significato** || **uso** ||
 * a / an || Un, uno, una, un' || davanti a sostantivi numerabili singolari ||
 * some || del dello della dei qualche alcuni/e un pò di... || in frasi affermative e nelle domande quando ci si aspetta una risposta affermativa (es.:per offrire qualcosa, o per fare una richiesta) ||
 * any || " || in frasi interrogative e negative ||
 * how much || quanto/a...? || princincipalmemte nelle domande ||
 * how many || quanti/e...? || " ||
 * much || molto/molta || in frasi interrogative e negative ||
 * many || molti/molte || " ||
 * a lot of / lots of || molto molta molti molte || in frasi affermative ||
 * very || molto || davanti all'aggettivo e all'avverbio ||
 * too much || troppo/a ||  ||
 * too many || troppi/e ||  ||
 * so much || cosi tanto/a ||  ||
 * so many || cosi tanti/e ||  ||
 * little || poco/a || davanti ai sostantivi singolari ||
 * few || pochi/e || davanti a sostantivi plurali ||
 * a little || un po' || davanti a sostantivi singolari (indica piccole quantità in senso positivo) ||
 * a few || un po' || davanti a sostantivi plurali (indica piccole quantità in senso positivo) ||
 * not enough || non abbastanza ||  ||
 * too little || troppo poco/a ||  ||
 * too few || troppo pochi/e ||  ||

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">


 * <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> **PREPOSIZIONI DI TEMPO** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> davanti a orari o momenti precisi della giornata: at (es. see you at half past six / see you at breakfast) ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> davanti alle date o ai gioni della settimana: on ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> per periodi piu' lunghi : in ( parti della giornata/mesi/anni) ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> per indicare un periodo di tempo: for ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> per indicare il momento finale di un periodo di tempo: until ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> per indicare il momento iniziale e finale: from...to ||


 * <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> **PREZZI** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> Chiedere il prezzo di una cosa: How much is it?Per dire il prezzo di una cosa: It's ninety pence <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> **a**  <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> litre (nota che per dire al litro al kilo ecc si usa A)  ||

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;"> || <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> **IMPERATIVO** <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> : struttura forma affermativa= forma base del verbo es. “turn left” - struttura forma negativa= don't + forma base del verbo es. “ don't turn left” <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> L'imperativo è molto usato per dare indicazioni stradali


 * <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> **ONE/ONES** <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> sono pronomi che sostituiscono sostantivi già nominati. ONE si usa per un sostantivo singolare e ONES per i sostantivi plurali. Esempi. I like black shoes but I don't like red ones ( mi piacciono le scarpe nere ma non mi piacciono quelle rosse).  ||

<span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> (Termine interrogativo ) Verbo ausiliare soggetto verbo ordinario <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> presente semplice WHERE DO YOU LIVE ? <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> WHEN CAN WE GO OUT ? <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> presente progressivo WHAT ARE YOU DOING ? ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> **FRASI INTERROGATIVE** <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> . La frase interrogativa in inglese rispetta una struttura che deve essere SEMPRE rispettata a prescindere dal tempo verbale che si sta usando e cioè:

<span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> I LIKE.....= MI PIACE DO YOU LIKE....?= TI PIACE...? Con queste espressioni si chiedono o si esprimono gusti e preferenze. <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> es. Do you like beer? Yes, I do / No, I don't. Ti piace la birra? Sì (mi piace) / No (non mi piace). <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> I WOULD LIKE....= Mi piacerebbe/desidero/vorrei WOULD YOU LIKE...? Ti piacerebbe/vorresti/desideri...? In questo modo si offre o si chiede qualcosa. <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> es. I'd like a glass of beer, please. Vorrei un bicchiere di birra. Would you like a glass of beer? Yes, please / No, thanks. Vorresti un bicchiere di birra? Sì, grazie/ No, grazie. ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> **USO DEL VERBO LIKE.**

<span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> Quando si entra in un negozio il commesso ci chiede solitamente “ Can I help you?” che corrisponde all'espressione italiana “ Posso esserle utile?” <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> Per richiedere qualcosa il cliente di solito usa le espressioni “I would like..., please” oppure “Can I have..., please?” Vorrei.../ Posso avere...? <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> Il commesso risponde “ Yes, of course” oppure “ Certainly” per dare una risposta affermativa, altrimenti dirà “ I'm sorry...” seguito da una spiegazione. ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> **CHIEDERE QUALCOSA E RISPONDERE ALLE RICHIESTE NEI NEGOZI**


 * <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> **WHAT/WHICH.** <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> Come già sai WHAT significa che/che cosa, ma può anche significare QUALE. Se vuoi chiedere a qualcuno quali attori gli piacciono in senso generale dirai “ What actors do you like?”. Se invece vuoi sapere quale attore è piaciuto tra una scelta limitata (se per esempio in un film ci sono solo quattro attori), userai WHICH che significa sempre QUALE, ma per richiedere una scelta specifica tra un numero limitato es. “ Which actors did you like in this film?”   ||

<span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> Come in italiano anche in inglese si possono trovare frasi in cui dopo un verbo si trova un infinito, es. “Amo ballare”, “voglio dormire”, ecc.. Come tu sai l'infinito di un verbo in inglese è TO + la forma base ( es. to work, to play, ecc.). L'infinito in inglese però cambia forma se è preceduto da alcuni verbi particolari. Vedi l'elenco che segue:
 * <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> **VERBI SEGUITI DALL'INFINITO, LA FORMA IN -ING O LA FORMA BASE**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> like, love, hate, prefer, enjoy, finish, stop + forma -ing ESEMPIO: I LOVE DANCING= amo ballare (fa eccezione “would like” che è seguito normalmente dall'infinito”)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> can + forma base ESEMPIO :I CAN SPEAK ENGLISH= so parlare inglese ||

<span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> Shall we go to the cinema? Andiamo al cinema? <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> Let's go to the cinema. Andiamo al cinema / Let's not go to the cinema. Non andiamo al cinema <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> Why don't we go to the cinema? Perché non andiamo al cinema? <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> What about going to the cinema? Che ne dici di andare al cinema? <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> How about going to the cinema? “ “
 * <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> **DARE SUGGERIMENTI**

<span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> PER RISPONDERE AFFERMATIVAMENTE: Yes, okay / <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> **That's a good idea**  <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> / Let's do that / Why not? <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> PER RISPONDERE NEGATIVAMENTE: <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> **No, I don't think that's a good idea**  <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> / No, let's not do that. ||

<span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> A: Hotel Astor good morning, can I help you? <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> B: This is Mr Brown speaking / It's Mr Brown here. Can I speak to Mr Smith, please? Sono il sig. Brown. Posso parlare con il sig. Smith, per piacere? ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"> PARLARE AL TELEFONO

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">